Thermal Engineering
December 8, 2016
Categorised in: 1st Year Mechanical
Specific Heat of a Substance
Q = m . C . Δt
Q = heat transfer in kJ,
m = mass in kg
C = specific heat
Δt = $t_2 – t_1$ = temperature change in Kelvin (final temperature – initial temperature)
Unit: kJ/kg K
Enthalpy
H = U + p . V
H = specific enthalpy
U = specific internal energy of gas
First Law of Thermodynamics (Joule’s Experiment)
First law as applied to closed system
∮d’ Q = ∮d’ w
First law as applied to closed system processes
Q = W + ΔU
Coefficient of Performance (C.O.P)
$W = Q_1 – Q_2$
$\table(C.O.P.)_{refrigerator}, = ,{\text"Desired effect"}/{\text"Energy input"};,=,{Q_2}/W = {Q_2}/{Q_1 – Q_2};(C.O.P.)_{heat-pump},=,{\text"Desired effect"}/{\text"Energy input"},=,{Q_1}/W = {Q_1}/{Q_1 – Q_2}$
$(C.O.P.)_{heat-pump} – (C.O.P.)_{refrigerator} = 1$
Efficiency of heat engine
η = 1 – ${Q_2}/{Q_1}$
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