Data travels faster through switches because data is not sequenced as it is in a hub The information is more secure when it passes through a switch as opposed to a hub. Information travels more efficiently through a switch because travels directly to it’s destination as opposed to being broadcast to all PC’s on the network hub.
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances require a small amount of time to regenerate the signal. cause a propagation delay which can affect network communication when there are several repeaters in a row. Many network architectures limit the number of repeaters that can be used in a row. work only at the physical layer of the OSI network model. Advantages of using repeaters Extend network physical distance Do not seriously ...
Read more
Connectors normally called “input-output connectors” (or I/O for short) are interfaces for linking devices by using cables. They generally have a male end with pins protruding from it. This plug is meant to be inserted into a socket, which includes holes for accommodating the pins. However, there are “hermaphroditic” plugs which can act as either male or female plugs, and can be inserted into either one. The computer’s motherboard has a certain number of input-output connectors located on the “rear panel.“ Most motherboards have the following connectors: Serial port, which uses a DB9 connector, for connecting older devices Parallel port, ...
Read more
Connectors Repeaters Hubs NIC’s Bridges Switches
Classes of transmission media GUIDED MEDIA Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Twisted-Pair Cable Difference between UTP & STP STP cables are shielded while UTP cables are unshielded STP cables are more immune to interference and noise than UTP cables STP cables are better at maximizing bandwidth compared to UTP cables STP cables cost more per meter compared to UTP cables STP cables are heavier per meter compared to UTP cables UTP cables are more prevalent in SOHO networks while STP is used in ...
Read more
BUS TOPOLOGY A Bus topology consists of a single cable—called a bus— connecting all nodes on a network without intervening connectivity devices Network maintained by a single cable Cable segment must end with a terminator Uses thin coaxial cable(backbones will be thick coaxial cable) Extra stations can be added in a daisy chain manner. Standard is IEEE 802.3 Thin Ethernet (10Base2) has a maximum segment length of 200m Max no. of connections is 30 device Four repeaters may be used to a total cable length of 1000m Max no. of nodes is 150 Thick Ethernet(10Base5) used for backbones Limited to ...
Read more
Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network. Topology Types: physical logical Physical topology refers to the placement of the network’s various components, including device location and cable installation while logical topology shows how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. PHYSICAL V/S LOGICAL TOPOLOGY The actual layout of a network and its media is its physical topology The way in which the data access the medium and transmits packets is the logical topology. A glance at a network is not always revealing cables emerging from a Hub does ...
Read more
It’s not a single protocol, it’s a suite of protocols TCP/IP is the first set of protocols used in internet Allows computers to communicate/share resources across a network. Work on TCP/IP started in 1970s. Funded by US military Advance research project Agency (ARPA) Network protocols of ARPANET were upgraded. The modern internet sits on top of the TCP/IP technology Used as a standard To bridge the gap between non-compatible platforms All computers connected to the internet understands TCP/IP TCP/IP Protocol Suite Refers to family of protocol The protocols are built on the top of connectionless topology Data sent from one ...
Read more
Physical Layer Physical layer is the bottom(layer 1) of OSI model. It is responsible for the actual physical connection between the devices. The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one node to next. Functions of Physical Layer Convert bits to signals Bit synchronization Manage physical connection Bit rate control Line configuration Physical topology Transmission mode Multiplexing Switching Data Link Layer Framing:- divides the data from N/W layer into frames. Physical Addressing:- Add a header to the frame to define the physical address of the source and the destination machines. Flow Control:- It is the traffic regulatory ...
Read more
International standard organization (ISO) established a committee in 1977 to develop an architecture for systems communication. Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model is the result of this effort. This model allows any two different systems to communicate regardless of their underlying architecture. The OSI model describes how data flows from one computer, through a network to another computer. The OSI model is not a protocol; it is a model for understanding and designing a network architecture that is flexible and robust. The OSI model consists of seven separate but related layers, each of which defines a part of the process ...
Read more