$G.C.V = N.C.V + ({9 . h. \text"latent heat of water"}/{100})$ GCV = Gross Calorific Value NCV = Net Calorific Value h = percentage of hydrogen in fuel $G.C.V. = L = {(W+w) (t_2 – t_1)}/{x}$ cal/gm x = mass of fuel in gm W = mass of water in calorimeter w = water equivalent of calorimeter set L = Gross calorific value of fuel $(t_2 – t_1)$ = Rise in temperature of water NCV = GCV – 0.09 x h x 587 cal/gm $\text"GCV of coal" = {(W+w) (t_2 – t_1 + t_c) – (a+f)}/{m}$ f = Fuse wire ...
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For the old formulae… Go in XII -> Chemistry -> Electrochemistry Buffer solution $pH = pK_a + log{\text"Conjugate base"}/{Acid}$ $pH = p K_a + log{[salt]}/{[\text"weak acid"]}$ Lambert’s Law -${dI}/{I_o}$ α dx $I_o$ = Intensity (radiant power) of the incident radiation dx = Small thickness of solution or path length dI = Small decrease in intensity of light = $I_o – I_t$ Beer’s Law -${dI}/{I_o}$ α dC Lambert-Beer Law Absorbance, $A = log {I_o}/{I_t} = k.x.C$ ${I_o}/{I_t}$ = transmittance A = ∈ . x . C ∈ = molar absorptibity/ molar extinction coefficient
Hardness of water sample: $y/V$ x Z x 100 x 1000 ppm $CaCO_3$ equivalent V = volume fo water sample titrated y = volume of disodium EDTA (burette reading) Z = molarity of disodium EDTA solution 1 ml standard hard water contains 1 mg $CaCO_3$ Temporary hardness = total hardness – permanent hardness Popular Atomic Weights H -> 1 C -> 12 N -> 14 O -> 16 Na -> 23 Al -> 27 Cl -> 35.5 Ca -> 40 Cr -> 52 $\table Alkalinity,OH,C{O^{-2}_3},HC{O^{-2}_3};P = 0,0,0,M;P=1/2 M,0,2P,0;P=M,P,0,0;P1/2M,(2P-M),2(M-P),0$ P = Phenolphthalin akalinity M = Methyl orange alkalinity = total alkalinity ...
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No formulae in this chapter :D
(1) Critical magnetic field $$ H_c = H_o [1 – (T/T_c)^2] $$ (2) $T_c = k M^{-1/2} $ $T_c$ = Critical temperature
(1) Schroedinger’s equation (Time Independent) $$ ∇^2 φ + {2m}/{ђ^2} . (E-V) φ = 0 $$ (2) Schroedinger’s equation (Time Dependent) $$ -{ђ^2} ∇^2 φ + ∇φ = iђ {δφ}/{δt} $$ (3) Energy Eigen values of $n^{th}$ particle $$ E_n = {n^2h^2}/{8mL^2} $$
(1) De-Broglie Wavelength $$λ = {h}/{mv} = h/p$$ where, p = momentum (2) De-Broglie Wavelength in terms of Kinetic Energy $$ λ=h/{√{2mE}} $$ (3) De-Broglie Wavelength of an electron $$λ={12.26}/{√V}$$ V = Electric potential (4) $ v_p = w/k = c^2/v $ (5) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: $Δx . Δp_x >= h/{2π}$ (6) Heisenberg’s relation to pair of variables energy and time: $ΔE . Δt >= h/{2π}$
(1) Current, $$ I = neυ_dA $$ υ = velocity of electrons n = carrier concentration (2) Fermi Dirac distribution, $$ P(E_c) = {N}/{1+e^{({E_c-E_f}/{KT})}} $$ $P(E_c)$ = probability that an electron occupies energy $E_c$ (3) $ E_f={E_c + E_v}/{2} $ (4) $I_E = I_B + I_C$ (5) Current density, J = I/A (6) Hall voltage, $$ V_H = {1}/{ne} . {BID}/{A} = {BJd}/{ne} $$ Charge density, ρ = n e Area, A = d W where, W = Width of specimen in the direction of magnetic field $$ V_H = {BI)/{ρW} $$ (7) Hall Coefficient, $$ R_H = 1/{ne} = ...
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(1) $E = hυ = {hc}/λ$ E = Energy difference between two levels h = plank’s constant λ = wavelength
(1) Brewster’s law $$ μ = tan i_p $$ where, μ = Refractive index of the medium $i_p$ = Polarising angle (2) Critical angle $$ i_c = sin^{-1}(1/μ) $$ (3) Law of Malus $$ I = I_m cos^2θ $$ where, I = intensity of light transmitted by the analyzer $I_m$ = intensity of light transmitted by polarizer θ = Angle between the planes of polarizer and analyzer (4) Thickness of QWP $$ t = {λ}/{4(μ_e – μ_o)} $$ (for quartz crystal) $$ t = {λ}/{4(μ_o – μ_e)} $$ (for calcite crystal) where, t = Thickness of plate λ = Wavelength ...
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